COMMUNITY AND EVENT BASED SURVEILLANCE IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL ETHIOPIAN PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
Up to the level of the health post, the Public Health Emergency Management (PHEM) system is effectively developed. However, when patients seek treatment, the current surveillance system picks up cases at the level of the medical facility. Since there hasn't been a robust surveillance system in place at the local level, the majority of epidemics are neither quickly identified nor appropriately addressed. Nowadays, diseases spread quickly and far, highlighting the significance of effective surveillance systems at the local level.
The security of the global health system continues to be threatened by newly re-emerging events that have the ability to spread disease. Along with addressing the health effects of natural and man-made disasters, emergencies, crises, and conflicts, the public health system is constantly confronted by recurrent and unexpected disease outbreaks like cholera, measles, yellow fever, COVID-19, dengue fever, etc. The healthcare system is still being disrupted by these issues, and given the weak capability of the nation, successfully identifying and responding to these public health emergencies is getting more difficult.
Since 2009, Ethiopia has started adopting PHEM using a multi-hazard strategy. In order to ensure quick detection, notification, and investigation of any threats to public health as well as preparedness for logistical and financial administration, prompt response, and recovery from various public health emergencies, the PHEM system primarily consists of an integrated diseases surveillance system. The structure of the indicator-based illness surveillance system has been in operation since the level of the health post. Community participation in public health monitoring and response activities is essential to bolstering the indicator-based public health surveillance system. The best way to promote community ownership and involvement in public health surveillance, response, and other related activities is to establish a community and event-based surveillance system.
To speed up the identification of priority diseases, occurrences, conditions, and other public health threats in the neighborhood, simplified/syndromic case definitions are employed. Pre-emergency, emergency, and post-emergency periods could all be covered by CEBS. By taking into account past behavior, current weather, the time of year, and available data, it transmits early warning messages and warnings about an impending or anticipated threat. During an emergency, CEBS can actively find cases, alert people of deaths, and take action.
The CEBS can track the development of emergency control during the post-event era.
The system's activities and results may give the community the ability to recognize and report dangers they observe or hear about. In addition to empowering, CEBS offers a dependable and prompt communication system to warn neighboring regions by giving voice to the local expertise already there to identify and warn of public health emergencies and other hazards as soon as feasible. A successful community and event-based surveillance system must have active community participation and engagement in a trustworthy response network.
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